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Title: Castable
composites and their application in automobiles
Author(s): K V Mahendra, K Radhakrishna
Source: Proceedings of the I MECH E Part D Journal
of Automobile Engineering
Volume: 221 Page: 135 - 140. Feb 2007
DOI: 10.1243/09544070JAUTO150
Publisher: Professional Engineering Publishing
Abstract: Aluminium alloy based metal matrix composites
(MMCs) have attracted attention in the automobile sector owing to
ease of manufacturing, high specific strength properties, and better
wear resistance. The stir casting or liquid metallurgy technique
is the most economic and direct route for producing near-net-shape
MMC components. In the present investigation, an Al-4.5%Cu alloy
MMC with fly ash particles has been cast by the stir casting technique.
Properties such as density, hardness, wear, and tensile and compression
strength of the MMC have been evaluated. Further, to test the applicability
of this composite as a bearing, a bush was prepared from the composite
and tested under lubricated conditions for 200 h. The bush made
from the composite showed more resistance to wear than the base
alloy. A cylinder liner was cast from the composite and then tested
in a two-stroke petrol engine. No seizure was observed even after
400 h of testing.
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Title: Review
of automotive brake friction materials
Author(s): D. Chan; G. W. Stachowiak
Source: Proceedings of the I MECH E Part D Journal
of Automobile Engineering
Volume: 218 Page: 953 - 966. Sept 2004
DOI: 10.1243/0954407041856773
Publisher: Professional Engineering Publishing
Abstract: The gradual phasing-out of asbestos in
automotive brake friction materials in many parts of the world has
sparked the onset of extensive research and development into safer
alternatives. As a result, the brake friction industry has seen
the birth of different brake pads and shoes in the past decade,
each with their own unique composition, yet performing the very
same task and claiming to be better than others. This suggests that
the selection of brake friction materials is based more on tradition
and experimental trial and error rather than fundamental understanding.
This review strives to eliminate the cloud of uncertainty by providing
an insight into the pros and cons of the common ingredients and
make-up used in contemporary dry and wet friction pads and shoes.
In this paper typical brake materials are reviewed and their advantages
and disadvantages in contemporary brake applications are discussed.
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Title: A design of panel structure for the improvement of dynamic stiffness
Author(s): Dong-Chan Lee
Source: Proceedings of the I MECH E Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering
Volume: 218 Page: 647 - 654. June 2004
DOI: 10.1243/0954407041166058
Publisher: Professional Engineering Publishing
Abstract: Visco-elastic layer materials are widely used as the damping treatment to control noise and vibration characteristics of the panel structure. However, the effect of damping treatment can be considered by the structural damping coefficient and this is difficult when investigating the geometric dimensions and distribution of damping treatment. In this paper, applying the equivalent parameters based on shell theories to the damping layers, it is possible to simulate the finite element analysis of damping-layered panels on the vibration characteristics of the structure, and the reduced computational cost and the optimization designs for the reduction of vibration effect on the substructure model can easily be achieved.
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Title: Evaluation of energy-absorbing materials as a means to reduce foot/ankle axial load injury risk
Author(s): R. W. Rudd; Y. Kitagawa; J. R. Crandall; F. C. Poteau
Source: Proceedings of the I MECH E Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering
Volume: 218 Page: 279 - 293. Sept 2003
DOI: 10.1243/095440704322955803
Publisher: Professional Engineering Publishing
Abstract: Current restraint systems, such as seatbelts and airbags, have been developed mostly to protect the head and thorax during frontal crashes. They do not necessarily have equivalent efficiency for lower extremities because of other loading factors such as the interaction between the foot and toepan or pedals. A relatively high frequency of foot and ankle injuries in combination with high morbidity warrants research into injury countermeasures. An energy-absorbing aluminium honeycomb was investigated as a means of load reduction during a simulated frontal impact with toepan intrusion. Test surrogates included human cadavers, a 50th percentile male Hybrid III leg with 45° dorsiflexion ankle and soft joint stop and a 50th percentile male Thor-Lx/HIIIr. Inclusion of an energy absorber between the cadaver heel and intruding footplate reduced tibia axial loads by as much as 39 per cent compared to cases without an energy absorber. Dummy results were compared to the human response and the Thor-Lx appeared to be more biofidelic than the Hybrid III.
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